Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation and ulcers in the innermost lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. This condition commonly leads to symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. Since it is a chronic condition, individuals with ulcerative colitis may experience periods of remission interspersed with flare-ups.

The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown, and it is part of a group of diseases classified under inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which also includes Crohn's disease. Managing this condition often requires a combination of medications, dietary adjustments, and sometimes surgery.