Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term used to describe disorders that involve chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. The 2 most common types of IBD are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Both conditions are characterized by long-lasting inflammation within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, leading to severe discomfort and potential complications.

Crohn's disease can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus, often spreading deep into the affected tissues. Ulcerative colitis, on the other hand, primarily affects the innermost lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. While the exact cause of IBD is still unknown, it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors.