Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye condition and a leading cause of vision loss in individuals aged 60 and older. It affects the macula, a small spot near the center of the retina that is needed for sharp, central vision, which lets people see objects that are straight ahead.

AMD does not cause complete blindness but can severely impact the ability to perform everyday tasks such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces. The onset can be gradual or sudden, and it can progress from early to intermediate and then advanced stages.

There are two main types of AMD: dry (atrophic) and wet (neovascular). Dry AMD is more common and progresses slowly, whereas wet AMD is less common but can lead to quicker vision loss. Any stage of dry AMD can turn into wet AMD but wet AMD is always a late stage.