C3 glomerulopathy is a rare kidney disease that results from abnormal activity in the complement system, specifically a protein called C3. The complement system is a part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen's cell membrane.

In C3 glomerulopathy, dysregulation in this system leads to deposition of C3 complement protein in the kidney glomeruli, which are the filtering units of the kidney. This can lead to significant kidney damage and eventually may result in chronic kidney disease or kidney failure.

Risk Factors

While C3 glomerulopathy can affect individuals of any age, certain factors may increase one's susceptibility to the disease:

• Genetics: Mutations or abnormalities in genes involved in the complement system.
• Environmental triggers: Infections, particularly bacterial infections, may serve as a catalyst for the disease.
• Autoimmune conditions: Existing autoimmune diseases may increase the risk of developing C3 glomerulopathy.
• Family history: A history of kidney diseases or immune system disorders in the family.